電(dian)梯的(de)運行(xing)速度不論是上行(xing)還(huan)是下行(xing)，均應在(zai)規定(ding)的(de)額定(ding)速度范圍內運行(xing)，一般不會超(chao)速，如果出現超(chao)速，在(zai)電(dian)梯控制系統內是有防(fang)超(chao)速裝置（限速器，當電(dian)梯的(de)速度超(chao)過額定(ding)速度的(de)115%，它就(jiu)會動作），此時，該裝置會自動動作，使電(dian)梯減速或停(ting)止運行(xing)。

電梯有一個轎廂和一個對重，通過鋼絲繩將它們連接起來，鋼絲繩通過驅動裝置（曳引機）的曳引帶動，使電梯轎廂和對重在電梯內導軌上做上下運動。

固定在轎(jiao)廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)的(de)(de)導靴可(ke)以沿著(zhu)安裝(zhuang)在建筑物井道墻體上(shang)的(de)(de)固定導軌往復升(sheng)降運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，防(fang)止轎(jiao)廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在運(yun)行中(zhong)偏(pian)斜或(huo)擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。常閉(bi)塊式制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機工(gong)作時松閘，使電(dian)(dian)梯運(yun)轉，在失電(dian)(dian)情況下制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，使轎(jiao)廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)停(ting)止升(sheng)降，并在指(zhi)定層(ceng)站上(shang)維持(chi)其(qi)靜止狀態，供人員(yuan)和(he)貨物出(chu)入(ru)。轎(jiao)廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)是運(yun)載(zai)(zai)乘客或(huo)其(qi)他載(zai)(zai)荷(he)的(de)(de)箱體部件(jian)，對重用(yong)來(lai)平(ping)衡轎(jiao)廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)載(zai)(zai)荷(he)、減少電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機功率。補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)來(lai)補償曳引繩運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)張力和(he)重量變化，使曳引電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機負載(zai)(zai)穩定，轎(jiao)廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)得以準確停(ting)靠。電(dian)(dian)氣系(xi)統(tong)實現對電(dian)(dian)梯運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)控制，同(tong)時完成選層(ceng)、平(ping)層(ceng)、測速、照(zhao)明工(gong)作。指(zhi)示(shi)呼(hu)叫系(xi)統(tong)隨時顯示(shi)轎(jiao)廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方向和(he)所在樓層(ceng)位置(zhi)(zhi)。安全裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)保證電(dian)(dian)梯運(yun)行安全。